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Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based

Haizhou Liu, Xuejun Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1267-4

摘要： Abstract • Wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water. • A strong dependence of occurrence on groundwater sources. • Elucidate Redox and equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI). • Sn(II)-based and TiO2-based reductive treatments hold extreme promise. • Key challenges include residual waste, Cr(VI) re-generation and socioeconomic drivers. Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards. This Account presented a critical analysis of the sources and occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water in the United States, analyzed the equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI) species, summarized important redox reaction relevant to the fate of Cr(VI) in drinking water, and critically reviewed emerging Cr(VI) treatment technologies. There is a wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water, with a strong dependence on groundwater sources, mainly due to naturally weathering of chromium-containing aquifers. Challenges regarding traditional Cr(VI) treatment include chemical cost, generation of secondary waste and inadvertent re-generation of Cr(VI) after treatment. To overcome these challenges, reductive Cr(VI) treatment technologies based on the application of stannous tin or electron-releasing titanium dioxide photocatalyst hold extreme promise in the future. To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future.

关键词： Chromium Chemistry Treatment Future outlook

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丁玉龙：Thermal Energy Storage for a Net-Zero Energy Future — The Role, Development Status and Outlook（2021

丁玉龙(院士)

2021年07月06日

关键词：碳中和

中国工程科技的进展与展望

杜祥琬

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第1期页码 5-8

摘要：

回顾了2007年中国在能源与环境、航天航空、信息产业、制造业、科学仪器和实验装置等工程科技领域所取得的成就，展望了未来工程科技的几大发展趋势。

关键词：工程技术发展趋势进展与展望

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 25-34

摘要：

• China is now the largest egg production country worldwide

• Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects

• China is now capable of breeding new varieties, with more than 50% of the market share

• Policies have been implemented to ensure sustainable development of egg production

• Integrating crop-chicken-vegetable production system is established

Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

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钱学森的科学观

冯国瑞

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 9-15

摘要：

文章择要地阐发了钱学森的科学观。指出科学是认识世界的学问，科学是复杂的动态网络系统，阐明了科学的社会功能在于造福人类，论述了现代科学技术与马克思主义哲学的辩证关系，探讨了科学技术与人才培养的问题。

关键词：钱学森科学观马克思主义哲学

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从复杂性看科学发展观

苗东升

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 1-8

摘要：

发展观指人们对社会发展的目标、动力、模式、规律等的根本看法，其复杂性涉及四个层面：在对象层面上，发展观的复杂性源于社会是特殊的开放复杂巨系统；在认知层面上，认知过程的复杂性源于思维巨系统的复杂性与习以为常的还原论和非系统思维带来的曲解；在实践层面上，落实发展观的复杂性源于现实的利益格局、现行体制中的不完善、国际关系的复杂性等因素；在哲学层面上，发展观的复杂性源于发展过程包含的大量对立统一，只有对它们统筹兼顾，确保矛盾各方全面协调发展，才是科学的。

关键词：科学发展观复杂性开放复杂巨系统对立统一

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Past in review and future plans

Yi QIAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 2-11 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0002-y

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PESTICIDE DISCOVERY: STATUS AND OUTLOOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 150-154 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021419

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王浩：未来城市水循环展望（2019年11月10日）

王浩(院士)

2021年01月20日

关键词：城镇建设

The outlook of blockchain technology for construction engineering management

Jun WANG, Peng WU, Xiangyu WANG, Wenchi SHOU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 67-75 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017006

摘要： Current construction engineering management suffers numerous challenges in terms of the trust, information sharing, and process automation. Blockchain which is a decentralised transaction and data management technology, has attracted increasing interests from both academic and industrial aspects since 2008. However, most of the existing research and practices are focused on the blockchain itself (i.e. technical challenges and limitations) or its applications in the finance service sector (i.e. Bitcoin). This paper aims to investigate the potential of applying blockchain technology in the construction sector. Three types of blockchain-enabled applications are proposed to improve the current processes of contract management, supply chain management, and equipment leasing, respectively. Challenges of blockchain implementation are also discussed in this paper.

关键词： Blockchain contract management supply chain management equipment leasing

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GLOBAL GENOMIC PREDICTION IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS: PROMISES, PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Horticultural crops are a major source of high value nutritious food, and new improved cultivars developed through breeding are required for sustainable production in the face of abiotic and biotic stresses, and to deliver novel, premium products to consumers. However, grower confidence in the performance of new germplasm, particularly across environmental variability, is important for commercial adoption and germplasm-environment matching to optimize production.

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利用太阳能地球工程减缓全球变暖——前景仍不明朗

Sean O’Neill

《工程（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 6-9 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.12.005

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Innovation, practical benefits and prospects for the future development of automatic milking systems

Hongzhe JIANG,Wei WANG,Chunyang LI,Wei WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 37-47 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016117

摘要： Automatic milking systems (AMS) were designed to replace existing, labor-intensive machine milking and are an area of rapid development in modern dairy farming. The popularity of AMS lies in the convenience of management, decreasing workloads and the consistency of milking compared with non-automated machine milking. Nevertheless, this innovation has not been reviewed comprehensively and the practical benefits of AMS are still unclear. This review gives a brief overview of the historical development of milking machines and the workflow process of state-of-the-art AMS. In addition, a series of comparisons between AMS and current milking machines are made with respect to labor savings, quality parameters, udder health, herd behavior and mastitis detection and are summarized on the basis of relevant studies to show the benefits of the technological changes achieved by AMS. Finally, this review addresses several deficiencies in the technology and procedures of current AMS that need to be improved and also assesses recent advances in milking techniques with a particular focus on their potential for application in AMS.

关键词： automatic milking systems (AMS) innovation milking machine practical effect future prospects

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Special issue: Technologies for future high-efficiency industrial silicon wafer solar cells

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0436-4

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Attributes, challenges and future directions of community resilience

Bo MENG, Nan LI, Dongping FANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 307-323 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018030

摘要：

With the continuous development of human society, the damage to the natural environment is becoming increasingly large, causing crisis events to occur frequently. In recent years, the study of community resilience is becoming popular among scholars because of its perspective on disaster prevention and mitigation. In this study, we apply database retrieval to untangle community resilience-related papers from multiple directions. We analyze the connotation, attribute, and composition of community, resilience, and community resilience comprehensively by summarizing important issues and research progress in community resilience. Challenges and shortcomings faced by community resilience development are also determined. Moreover, we put forward the research directions that future research can focus on. Through literature review, current research on community resilience focuses on the following aspects: “infrastructure construction,” “crowd in the community,” “economic resilience,” “social capital,” and “measurement of community resilience.” Such research is not yet systematic and relatively decentralized. The attention to collective resilience in the community is relatively weak, which makes achieving the goal of “people-oriented and systematic control” difficult. Therefore, this study states that the development of future community resilience should stand from the perspective of “system of system” and build on knowledge and tools of various relevant domains. Therefore, public needs and participation are highlighted as breakthrough points. The research should integrate infrastructure and economic resilience, social resource allocation, network connection, and other aspects to build a holistic and functional resilient community.

关键词： community resilience literature analysis resilience attribute social resource future direction